
High Priest of Israel, founder of the Hasmonean dynasty

The greatest theoretical physicist of the modern era, who fundamentally revolutionized humanity’s understanding of space, time, gravity, energy, and the quantum universe.
Judea remained nominally subject to Seleucid tribute, with a hostile Syrian garrison still occupying the Akra citadel in the heart of Jerusalem overlooking the Temple.
Simon captured the coastal port of Joppa, starved out and demolished the Akra citadel, negotiated total exemption from Seleucid taxes, and was ratified by a Great Assembly of Jews as Prince (*Nasi*) and High Priest in perpetuity.
Achieved complete political and economic independence for Judea in 142 BCE, inaugurating a golden era of tranquility ("every man sat under his vine and fig tree") and establishing the independent Hasmonean Commonwealth.
Classical Newtonian physics rested on absolute time and Euclidean three-dimensional space, leaving electrodynamics, the constancy of light speed, and mercury orbital anomalies unexplained.
Formulated Special and General Relativity, proved the photon quantum hypothesis via the photoelectric effect, and derived mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²), permanently revolutionizing modern cosmology and quantum foundations.
The cosmic architecture of the universe was unified into dynamic curved spacetime, enabling quantum optics, atomic energy, astrophysics, GPS satellite networks, and the modern standard model.